| Abdyl Frashëri | |
|---|---|
Abdyl Frashëri in 1880 ca. |
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| Born | 1 June 1839 Frashër, Përmet District, Albania, then Ottoman Empire |
| Died | 23 October 1892 (aged 53) Istanbul, Turkey, then Ottoman Empire |
| Organization | Central Committee for Defending Albanian Rights, Society for the Publication of Albanian Writings; |
| Influenced | Ndre Mjeda, Ismail Qemali, Luigj Gurakuqi |
| Political movement | National Renaissance of Albania |
| Children | Mit’hat Frashëri |
| Relatives | Naim Frashëri(Brother) Sami Frashëri(Brother) Mehdi Frashëri(Nephew) Ali Sami Yen(Nephew) |
Abdyl Frashëri People's Hero of Albania (1839, Frashër, Përmet District, Albania – 23 October 1892, Istanbul, Turkey) was an Albanian diplomat, politician, writer, and a first political ideologue of the Albanian National Awakening[1] through the League of Prizren. He is the elder brother of other nationalist Albanian activists, Naim and Sami.[2]
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Was born in Frashër (Përmet District, Albania, then Ottoman Empire) into the family of a declassed Spahi. He was the older brother of Naim Frashëri and Sami Frashëri. Abdyl Frashëri spent the first part of life in his village of birth until 18 he moved to Ioannina for work.
Frashëri distinguished himself as a political personality since 1877, when the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) seemed to severely jeopardize the integrity of the Albanian lands. As the chairman of the Albanian Committee of Janina (Komiteti Shqiptar i Janinës), which had been formed the same year, he drafted the project of declaration of independence by Albania. However, his hopes of an independent Albanian state were heavily threatened from Albania's rivals, such as Greece and Serbia, which were supported by the Russian Empire. Frashëri organization held talks with representatives of Greece in July and December 1877 to form a political and military Greco-Albanian coalition and use it against the Ottoman Empire. In the December 1877 talks Stephanos Skouloudis, the secret Emissary to the Albanians outside of Greece, was the Greek counterpart. Skouloudis rejected the idea of an independent Albania within its ethnic boundaries and the talks failed.[3]
At the end of 1877, Abdyl Frasheri (then a Member of Parliament of the second parliament of the Ottoman Empire), was elected chairman of the Central Committee for Defending Albanian Rights (Komiteti i Stambollit), which was formed in Istanbul. He gave an important contribution to the elaboration of the political platform that the national movement should adopt after the Russian victory over the Ottoman Empire, and especially after the signoff of the Treaty of San Stefano. According to Abdyl Frashëri the conditions created by the expansionistic trends of Russia and the interests of Western powers to keep the Ottoman Empire alive, and the intentions of Albania's Balkan neighbors to take Albanian lands, the most appropriate solution would be the creation of an autonomous Albanian state under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire, or, at least by creating a unique vilayet under the Ottoman Empire. If this unique Albanian vilayet would be realized, it would sanctionate Albania's borders.
As one of the main authors of the political platform of the Central Committee of Istanbul, which Abdyl Frashëri publicly stated through articles published in several organs of the European press during the spring of year 1878, he participated actively in establishing the League of Prizren. After the founding of the League, which adopted this platform, Abdyl Frashëri distinguished himself as the leader of the League. Its main activities developed especially in areas Janina and Kosovo vilayets. He participated in almost all the major assemblies were organized by the General Council of the League of Albanian or its interregional committees. In the League of Prizren's founding assembly he was elected chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee. On 1 November 1878 he represented Toskëria in the First Assembly of Debar, where a resolution was adopted to formally require from the Sublime Porte the creation of the autonomous united vilayet of Albania. He was the principal organizer of the Assembly of Preveza in January 1879, which managed to prevent the release of Çameria in favor of Greece.
In the spring of the year 1879 Abdyl Frasheri headed the Prizren League delegation to visit the capitals of major Powers to protect the integrity of the Albanian lands and the rights of the Albanians. Abdyl Frasheri was also the main promoter to form an interim government. He also led the National Assembly of Gjirokastër that took the decision to create an autonomous Albanian state. He was within the movement that the Albanians should be armed.
Abdyl Frashëri, defended the program of Gjirokastër in the Second Assembly of Debar, where as always led the radical wing of the movement. Although the autonomy program was not accepted by representatives of the moderate power, he moved to Kosovo and there, along with he started to put into action the decisions taken at Gjirokastër. He became a member of the interim government that was formed in Prizren in early 1881 and he gave an important contribution to the political and military preparations that were made for the protection of autonomy against the Ottoman military expedition.
After the League of Prizren was suppressed by the Ottoman Empire in 1881, Abdyl Frashëri was arrested and sentenced to death by an Ottoman Special Trial, but the sentence was returned to life in prison. However, after 3 years in prison (1882–1885) and an extradition to Istanbul, he was released for health reasons in 1892, with the conditional to give up any patriotic or political activity. Although ill and isolated, he never gave up his patriotic ideas until his death, the same year of his release in Istanbul on 23 October 1892. His remains were brought to Tirana in 1978, on the 100th anniversary of the League of Prizren.
http://www.personalitetetilireshqiptare.info/linket/a/abdylfrasheri.html
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